Salah satu proses vital dalam manajemen perpustakaan
yang ideal adalah pemilahan bahan perpustakaan (klasifikasi). Proses ini begitu
penting dan merupakan kunci mendasar bagi proses-proses lainnya untuk bisa
berjalan secara sistematis. Pemilahan bahan perpustakaan bertujuan untuk
membagi bahan-bahan perpustakaan yang ada menjadi berbagai kelompok sesuai
dengan tema, judul, penulis, dan parameter-parameter lainnya yang akan
memudahkan penempatan bahan-bahan perpustakaan tersebut dalam rak-rak buku,
serta yang lebih penting lagi adalah untuk memudahkan proses pemanggilan
kembali (recalling) ketika buku-buku tersebut dibutuhkan.
Di dunia perpustakaan internasional, dikenal banyak
sekali ragam sistem klasifikasi bahan perpustakaan, dari yang tradisional
sampai yang paling modern. Ada Library of Congress Classification, Dewey
Decimal Classifivation, Dickinson Classification, Brinkler Classification,
Colon Classification, Cutter Expansive Classification, dan lain sebagainya.
Tapi secara
umum, aneka sistem klasifikasi tersebut bisa digolongkan ke dalam 3 tipe
sistem, yaitu:
(1) enumerative, yaitu yang
menyediakan sebuah daftar kode alfabetik yang diasoisiasikan dengan daftar
tema,
(2) hierarchical, yaitu yang
membagi aneka tema secara hirarkis dari yang paling umum ke yang paling
spesifik, dan
(3) faceted atau analytico-synthetic, yaitu yang membagi aneka tema ke dalam aspek-aspek
terpisah yang dipadukan.
Sistem klasifikasi tradisional yang paling populer
dipakai adalah sistem klasifikasi bertipe enumerative. Ada tiga jenis pola
klasifikasi dalam sistem bertipe ini, yaitu (a) yang menggunakan angka-angka,
(b) yang menggunakan huruf-huruf, dan (c) yang memadukan antara huruf dengan
angka. Yang pertama dipakai oleh Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) serta
beberapa sistem turunannya semisal Nippon Decimal Classification (NDC) dan
Universal Decimal Classification (UDC). Yang kedua dipakai antara lain oleh
Bliss Bibliographic Classification (BC). Sedangkan yang ketiga dipakai antara
lain oleh Library of Congress Classification (LC) dan Chinese Library
Classification (CLC).
Di bawah ini adakan diuraikan empat bagan klasifikasi yang mewakili ketiga jenis model klasifikasi bahan perpustakaan di atas.
Di bawah ini adakan diuraikan empat bagan klasifikasi yang mewakili ketiga jenis model klasifikasi bahan perpustakaan di atas.
Universal Decimal Classification
Sistem klasifikasi Univesal Decimal Classification
(UDC) adalah sistem klasifikasi bahan perpustakaan yang dikembangkan oleh pakar
bibliografi Belgia, Paul Otlet dan Henri la Fontaine pada akhir abad ke-19.
Bagan klasifikasi ini dikembangkan berdasarkan bagan klasifikasi Dewey Decimal
Classification (DDC), tetapi menggunakan tambahan simbol-simbol untuk
mengindikasikan berbagai aspek dari subyek dan hubungan antar subyek. Oleh
karenanya bagan tersebut mengandung elemen faset dan analisis-sintetik. Bagan
klasiifikasi ini kebanyakan digunakan perpustakaan khusus karena dapat membuat
subyek yang spesifik. UDC terus dimodifikasi dan diperluas selama beberapa
tahun untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan pertumbuhan ilmu pengetahuan dan secara
terus menerus dikembengkangkan untuk menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan.
UDC dapat digunakan untuk mengklasifikasi berbagai bentuk media dan tidak terbatas pada buku atau media tercetak saja, tetapi juga dapat dapat digunakan untuk mengklasifikasi film, video dan rekaman suara, ilustrasi, peta, realia dan koleksi museum.
Sistem klasifikasi UDC menggunakan angka arab dan didasarkan pada sistem desimal dan membagi ilmu pengetahuan ke dalam sepuluh kelompok utama. Untuk memudahkan membaca, angka dalam UDC biasanya diberi titik setelah tiga digit. Misalnya angka 61 adalah Ilmu Kedokteran, kemudian subdivisi dibawahnya adalah 611 Anatomi. Subdivisi di bawah anatomi kemudian diberi titik sebelumnya seperti 611.1, 611.2 dan seterusnya.
Bagan/Tabel Utama
Pada Bagan/Tabel Utama ini didaftrar sepuluh kelas
ilmu pengetahuan. Masing-masing kelas tersebut kemudian dibagi ke dalam sepuluh
bagian lagi, demikian dan seterusnya.
Adapun kelas utama dari UDC adalah sebagai berikut :
Adapun kelas utama dari UDC adalah sebagai berikut :
• 0 Umum
• 1 Filsafat dan Psikologi
• 2 Agama, Teologi
• 3 Ilmu Sosial
• 4 Kosong (tidak digunakan)
• 5 Ilmu Alam
• 6 Teknologi
• 7 Seni
• 8 Bahasa, linguistik dan susastera
• 9 Geografi, Biografi dan Sejarah
• 1 Filsafat dan Psikologi
• 2 Agama, Teologi
• 3 Ilmu Sosial
• 4 Kosong (tidak digunakan)
• 5 Ilmu Alam
• 6 Teknologi
• 7 Seni
• 8 Bahasa, linguistik dan susastera
• 9 Geografi, Biografi dan Sejarah
Tabel Pembantu
Ada sepuluh tabel pembantu dalam UDC. Tabel ini tidak bisa digunakan sendiri, dan harus digabungkan dengan nomor-nomor utama UDC resuai dengan keperluan. Tabel-tabel tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Tanda perluasan dan penjumlahan + dan /
2. Tanda berhubungan atau berkaitan :
3. Pembantu umum bahasa =
4. Pembantu umum bentuk (penyajian) (0...)
5. Pembantu umum tempat (1/9)
6. Pembantu umum ras, suku bangsa (=...)
7. Pembantu umum waktu "..."
8. Spesifikasi nomor non-UDC dan alfabetis A/Z, I, II, III, dst. 19
9. Pembantu umum sudut pandang .00...
Subdivisi pembantu khusus -0/-9 .0.. dan '..
+ plus tambahan contoh. 59+636 Zoologi dan peternakan
/ garismiring perluasan contoh 592/599 Zoologi sistematik
(mencakup semua kelas dari 592 sampai 599)
: Titikdua hubungan Contoh 17:7 Relation of hubungan etika dan seni
[] kurungsiku Aljabar dan pengelompokan Contoh 31:[622+669](485) Statistik pertambangan dan metalurgi di Swedia (622+669 dianggap satu kesatuan)
= Samadengan bahasa Contoh =20 di Inggeris ; 59=20 Zoologi di Inggeris.
Indeks Subyek Aflabetis
Untuk membantu pemakai dalam menggunakan bagan
klasifikasi ini, dalam UDC dimuat juga Indeks subyek alfabetis yang
memungkinkan pemakai menelusur subyek-subyek melalui indeks tersebut sehingga
subyek yang dicari mudah ditemukan. Indeks subyek terdiri dari subyek-subyek
verbal dalam bahasa Inggeris disertai notasi kelasnya, disusun berdasarkan
abjad dan mengacun kepada nomor kelas pada bagan utama. Fungsinya untuk
menunjukkan notasi kelas dari suatu subyek dalam tabel utama UDC.
***
Colon Classification
Colon Classification (CC) merupakan bagan
analitik-sintetik, dan pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh S.R. Ranganathan di
India. Edisi pertama diterbitkan pada tahun 1933, dan edisi berikutnya muncul
tahun 1939, 1950, 1952, 1957, 1960, dan 1963. Dr. Ranganathan adalah seorang
ahli teoretis kenamaan di bidang klasifikasi perpustakaan, dan telah
menerbitkan karya-karya tentang klasifikasi seperti Prologomena to Library
Classification (edisi kedua tahun 1957); Library Classification Fundamental and
Procesure (1944); Elements of Library Classification Classification (edisi
ketiga tahun 1962); Classification and Communication (1951); Depth
Classification (1953);
Colon Classification mempunyai tujuan untuk
menganalisis bidang subjek studi ke dalam unsur-unsur pokok atau faset-faset
(faset arti harfiahnya adalah segi, sanding, atau permukaan). Dengan demikian,
suatu bidang pengetahuan (suatu kelas atau subjek) bisa dibagi ke dalam
sub-subkelas (subkategori) dengan menerapkan karakteristik klasifikasi. Contoh:
Perpustakaan bisa dibagi ke dalam kategori-kategori kepemilikan (seperti
misalnya perpustakaan umum, khusus, pribadi, dsb.); atau sesuai dengan status
pendidikan (sekolah atau khusus); atau status fisik pengguna (misalnya rumah
sakit); atau bidang yang dicakup (misalnya kedokteran), dsb. Kesemua seri
rangkaian yang didasarkan kepada seperangkat karakteristik yang berkaitan itu,
disebut faset perpustakaan.
Colon Classification menggunakan simbol-simbol yang
menunjukkan faset dari subyek bahan perpustakaan. Faset tersebut adalah :
,
[personality]]
; [[matter]] or property
: [[energy]]
. [[space]]
' [[time]]
; [[matter]] or property
: [[energy]]
. [[space]]
' [[time]]
Karena faset-faset merupakan manipulasi dari prinsip
fundamental, maka klasifikasi faset, dalam hal ini, colon, akan membolehkan
interpolasi subjek-subjek atau topik-topik baru dengan mudah di dalam bagan
umum, karena subjek-subjek baru itu mewakili banyak variasi dari kategori dasar
yang sudah disebutkan di atas.
Dibawah ini diberikan contoh dari bagan klasifikasi
Colon dan beberapa fasetnya:
A Generalia
1 Universe of Knowledge
2 Library Science
3 Book science
4 Journalism
B Mathematics
B1 Arithmetic
B13 Theory of numbers
B2 Algebra
B23 Algebraic equations
B25 Higher Algebra
B3 Analysis
B33 Differential Equations [equation] , [degree] , [order] : [problem]
B331,1,2:1 Numerical solutions (:1) of ordered (331) linear (,1) second order (,2) differential equations
B37 Real Variables
B38 Complex Variables
B4 Other Methods
B6 Geometry
B7 Mechanics
B8 Physico-Mathematics
B9 Astronomical Mathematics
C Physics
C1 Fundamentals of Physics
C2 Properties of Matter
C3 Sound
C4 Heat
C5 Light and Radiation
C6 Electricity
C7 Magnetism
C8 Cosmic Hypothesis
D Engineering
E Chemistry
facets
:1 General Chemistry
:2 Physical Chemistry
:3 Analytical Chemistry
:33 Qualitative Chemistry
:34 Quantitative Chemistry
:35 Volumetric Chemistry
:4 Synthetic Chemistry
:5 Extraction Chemistry
E1 Inorganic Chemistry
E10 Group 0
E11 Group 1
E110 Hydrogen
E1109 Lithium
E111 Sodium
E2 Hydroxl (Base)
E3 Acid
E4 Salt
E5 Organic Substance
F Technology
G Biology
H Geology
H1 Mineralogy
H2 Petrology
H3 Structural Geology
H4 Dynamic Geology
H5 Stratigraphy
H6 Paleontology
H7 Economic Geology
H8 Cosmic Hypothesis
HX Mining
I Botany
J Agriculture
facets
:1 Soil
:3 Propagation
:4 Disease
:5 Development
:6 Breeding
:7 Harvest
:91 Nomenclature
:92 Morphology
:93 Physiology
:95 Ecology
material facets
,2 Bulb
,3 Root
,4 Stem
,5 Leaf
,6 Flower
,7 Fruit
,8 Seed
,97 Whole Plant
J1 Horticulture
J2 Feed
J3 Food
J4 Stimulant
J5 Oil
J6 Drug
J7 Fabric
J8 Dye
K Zoology (same facet schedule as I Botany)
KZ Animal Husbandry (same facet schedule as I Botany)
L Medicine [organ]:[problem],[cause]:[handling]
LZ3 Pharmacology [substance].[action],[organ]
LZ5 Pharmacopoeia
M Useful arts
M7 Textiles [material]:[work]
Ð Spiritual experience and mysticism [religion],[entity]:[problem]
N Fine arts
NA Architecture [style] , [utility] , [part] : [technique]
ND Sculpture [style] , [figure] ; [material] : [technique]
NN Engraving
NQ Painting [style] , [figure] ; [material] : [technique]
NR Music [style] , [music] ; [instrument] : [technique]
O Literature
P Linguistics
Q Religion
R Philosophy
S Psychology
T Education
U Geography
V History
W Political science
X Economics
Y Sociology
Z Law
1 Universe of Knowledge
2 Library Science
3 Book science
4 Journalism
B Mathematics
B1 Arithmetic
B13 Theory of numbers
B2 Algebra
B23 Algebraic equations
B25 Higher Algebra
B3 Analysis
B33 Differential Equations [equation] , [degree] , [order] : [problem]
B331,1,2:1 Numerical solutions (:1) of ordered (331) linear (,1) second order (,2) differential equations
B37 Real Variables
B38 Complex Variables
B4 Other Methods
B6 Geometry
B7 Mechanics
B8 Physico-Mathematics
B9 Astronomical Mathematics
C Physics
C1 Fundamentals of Physics
C2 Properties of Matter
C3 Sound
C4 Heat
C5 Light and Radiation
C6 Electricity
C7 Magnetism
C8 Cosmic Hypothesis
D Engineering
E Chemistry
facets
:1 General Chemistry
:2 Physical Chemistry
:3 Analytical Chemistry
:33 Qualitative Chemistry
:34 Quantitative Chemistry
:35 Volumetric Chemistry
:4 Synthetic Chemistry
:5 Extraction Chemistry
E1 Inorganic Chemistry
E10 Group 0
E11 Group 1
E110 Hydrogen
E1109 Lithium
E111 Sodium
E2 Hydroxl (Base)
E3 Acid
E4 Salt
E5 Organic Substance
F Technology
G Biology
H Geology
H1 Mineralogy
H2 Petrology
H3 Structural Geology
H4 Dynamic Geology
H5 Stratigraphy
H6 Paleontology
H7 Economic Geology
H8 Cosmic Hypothesis
HX Mining
I Botany
J Agriculture
facets
:1 Soil
:3 Propagation
:4 Disease
:5 Development
:6 Breeding
:7 Harvest
:91 Nomenclature
:92 Morphology
:93 Physiology
:95 Ecology
material facets
,2 Bulb
,3 Root
,4 Stem
,5 Leaf
,6 Flower
,7 Fruit
,8 Seed
,97 Whole Plant
J1 Horticulture
J2 Feed
J3 Food
J4 Stimulant
J5 Oil
J6 Drug
J7 Fabric
J8 Dye
K Zoology (same facet schedule as I Botany)
KZ Animal Husbandry (same facet schedule as I Botany)
L Medicine [organ]:[problem],[cause]:[handling]
LZ3 Pharmacology [substance].[action],[organ]
LZ5 Pharmacopoeia
M Useful arts
M7 Textiles [material]:[work]
Ð Spiritual experience and mysticism [religion],[entity]:[problem]
N Fine arts
NA Architecture [style] , [utility] , [part] : [technique]
ND Sculpture [style] , [figure] ; [material] : [technique]
NN Engraving
NQ Painting [style] , [figure] ; [material] : [technique]
NR Music [style] , [music] ; [instrument] : [technique]
O Literature
P Linguistics
Q Religion
R Philosophy
S Psychology
T Education
U Geography
V History
W Political science
X Economics
Y Sociology
Z Law
Dari uraian singkat tersebut di atas, maka tampak
bahwa klasifikasi kolon adalah sangat bermacam-macam atau berbauran (mixed).
Kelas-kelas utama biasanya ditunjukkan oleh huruf-huruf kapital, sedangkan
angka arab digunakan untuk divisi faset-fasetnya; dan huruf-huruf kecil
digunakan untuk bentuk-bentuk bibliografi umum dan divisi subjek, dan yang
lainnya.
Di samping itu, terdapat empat indeks yang ditunjukkan
kepada bagan, tapi tidak mudah menggunakannya. Oleh karena itu klasifikasi ini
tidak banyak digunakan, meskipun di India sendiri, sebab ia merupakan bagan
yang sulit dipahami. Sekalipun demikian, ide-ide ranganathan telah banyak
memberi dasar yang dibutuhkan bagi penelitian teori klasifikasi dewasa ini.
Library of Congress Classification
Library of Congres Classification (LCC) adalah sistem
klasifikasi yang dikembangkan oleh Library of Congress (LC), Perpustakaan
Kongress Amerika Serikat, yang merupakan perpustakaan nasional dari Amerika
Serikat. Sistem klasifikasi ini banyak digunakan oleh perpustakaan perguruan
tinggi dan perpustakaan riset di Amerika Serikat, tetapi terutama sekali
dipakai oleh perpustakaan umum yang ada di negara tersebut. Disamping di
Amerika Serikat, LCC juga banyak digunakan diberbagai negara.
Klasifikasi ini pertama sekali dikembangkan oleh
Herbert Putnam pada tahun 1897 dengan saran-saran dari Charles Ammi Cutter.
Sistem klasifikasi LCC banyak terpengaruh oleh Cutter Expansive Classification
dan DDC, pertama sekali dikembangkan khusus untuk Library of Congress. Sistem
ini menggantikan sistem penempatan tetap yang dibuat oleh Thomas Jefferson yang
sebelumnya digunakan oleh Library of Congress.
Sistem klasifikasi LCC ini membagi semua pengetahuan ke dalam dua puluh satu kelas, yang masing-masing kelas diidentifikasi dengan satu huruf alfabet. Kelas-kalas alfabet ini kemudian dibagi lagi ke dalam kelas yang lebih spesifik dalam sub kelas yang diidentifikasi dengan kombinasi dua huruf atau kadang-kadang tiga huruf. Sebagai contoh N adalah kelas Seni dan memiliki sub kelas NA, Arsitektur, NB Seni Pahat dfan ND Seni Lukis Hierarki dalam kelas LCC dituntukkan dengan indensasi dari bagan. Hal ini berbeda sekali dengan DCC yang menunjukkan hierarki kelas dalam urutan numerik yang ketat.
Di bawah ini disajikan ringkasan bagan klasifikasi LC :
Sistem klasifikasi LCC ini membagi semua pengetahuan ke dalam dua puluh satu kelas, yang masing-masing kelas diidentifikasi dengan satu huruf alfabet. Kelas-kalas alfabet ini kemudian dibagi lagi ke dalam kelas yang lebih spesifik dalam sub kelas yang diidentifikasi dengan kombinasi dua huruf atau kadang-kadang tiga huruf. Sebagai contoh N adalah kelas Seni dan memiliki sub kelas NA, Arsitektur, NB Seni Pahat dfan ND Seni Lukis Hierarki dalam kelas LCC dituntukkan dengan indensasi dari bagan. Hal ini berbeda sekali dengan DCC yang menunjukkan hierarki kelas dalam urutan numerik yang ketat.
Di bawah ini disajikan ringkasan bagan klasifikasi LC :
Library of Congress Classification
A: General
Works
B: Philosophy, Psychology, Religion
C: Auxiliary Sciences of History
D: History - General & Eastern Hemisphere
E-F: History - Western Hemisphere
G: Geography, Anthropology, Recreation
H: Social Sciences
J: Political Science
K: Law
L: Education
M: Music
N: Fine Arts
P: Language and Literature
Q: Sciences
R: Medicine
S: Agriculture
T: Technology
U: Military Science
V: Naval Science
Z: History of Books, Library Science, Bibliography
A - General Works
AC - Collections. Series. Collected Works
AE - Encyclopedias (General)
AG - Dictionaries and other general reference works
AI - Indexes (General)
AM - Museums (General)
AP - Periodicals (General)
AS - Academics and Learned Societies
AY - Yearbooks. Almanacs. Directories
AZ - History of Scholarship and Learning. The Humanities (General)
B - Philosophy, Psychology, Religion
B - History and Systems of Philosophy
BC - Logic
BD - Speculative Philosophy
BF - Psychology (including Parapsychology and the Occult)
BH - Aesthetics
BJ - Ethics. Social Usages. Etiquette.
BL - Religions. Mythology. Rationalism
BM - Judaism
BP - Islam. Bahaism. Theosophy, etc.
BQ - Buddhism
BR - Christianity (General)
BS - The Bible
BT - Doctrinal Theology
BV - Practical Theology
BX - Christian Denominations and Sects
C - Auxiliary Sciences of History
CB - History of Civilization and Culture
CC - Archaeology (General)
CD - Diplomatics. Archives. Seals
CE - Technical Chronology. Calendar
CJ - Numismatics
CN - Inscriptions. Epigraphy
CR - Heraldry
CS - Genealogy
CT - Biography (General)
D - History (except America)
D - History (General)
DA - Great Britain
DAW - Central Europe
DB - Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary
DC - France
DD - Germany
DE - Mediterranean, Greco-Roman World
DG - Italy
DH - Netherlands (Low Countries)
DJ - Netherlands (Holland), Belgium, Luxembourg
DJK - Eastern Europe
DK - Russia (& Soviet Union). Poland. Finland
DL - Northern Europe. Scandinavia
DP - Spain. Portugal
DR - Eastern Europe. Turkey
DS - Asia
DT - Africa
DU - Australia, New Zealand. Oceania (South Seas)
E-F - History: America and United States
E - America (General) and United States
F1-F975 - United States (local history)
F1001-F1140 - Canada
F1201-F1392 - Mexico
F1401-3799 - Central and South American, Caribbean
G - Geography, Anthropology
G - Geography (General). Atlases. Maps
GA - Mathematical Geography, Cartography
GB - Physical Geography
GC - Oceanography
GE - Environmental Sciences
GF - Human Ecology. Anthropogeography
GN - Anthropology, Ethnology, Ethnography
GR - Folklore
GT - Manners and Customs
GV - Recreation. Sports. Leisure
H - Social Sciences
H - Social Sciences (General)
HA - Statistics
HB - Economic Theory. Demography
HC - Economic History and Conditions: (By geographic region or country)
HD - Economic History and Conditions: (By Subject: Land, Agriculture, Industry, etc.
HE - Transportation and Communications
HF - Commerce. Accounting
HG - Finance
HJ - Public Finance
HM -Sociology (General and theoretical)
HN - Social History. Social Problems. Social Reform
HQ - Social Groups (The family; marriage; women (including feminism), etc.
HS - Societies: Secret, benevolent, etc. Clubs
HT - Communities. Classes. Races
HV - Social Pathology. Criminology. Social and Public Welfare
HX - Socialism. Anarchism. Communism
J - Political Science
J - Official Documents (general legislative and executive papers)
JA - Collections and General Works
JC - Political Theory. Theory of the State
JF - Constitutional History and Administration: General works. Comparative works.
JK - United States Government (federal and state)
JL - British America. Latin America
JN - Europe.
JQ - Asia. Africa. Australia. Oceania
JS - Local Government
JV - Colonies and Colonization. Emigration and Immigration
JX - International Law. International Relations
K - Law
K - Law (General)
KD - Law of the United Kingdom and Ireland
KE - Law of Canada
KF - Law of United States
KFT - KFT 1200-1799 Law of Texas
KG - Latin America (General). Mexico and Central America.
KH - South America
KJ-KK - Europe
L - Education
L - Education (General)
LA - History of Education
LB - Educational Theory and Practice. Special Aspects of Education
LC - Individual Institutions: Universities, Colleges, and Schools
LD - United States
LE - Americas, except the United States
LF - Europe
LG - Asia. Africa. Oceania
LH - College and School Publications
LJ - Student Fraternities and Societies
LT - Textbooks (General)
M - Music
M - Music Scores
ML - Literature of Music
MT - Music Instruction and Study
N - Fine Arts
N - Visual Arts (General)
NA - Architecture
NB - Sculpture
NC - Graphic Arts (Drawing, Design, Illustration)
ND - Painting
NE - Print Media
NK - Decorative and Applied Arts. Other arts
NX - Arts in general
P - Language and Literature
P - Philology and Linguistics
PA - Classical Philology (Greek and Latin)
PB - Modern European Languages (General), Celtic Languages and Literatures
PC - Romance Languages
PD - Old Germanic and Scandinavian Languages
PE - English Language
PF - Dutch, Flemish, and German Languages
PG - Slavic, Baltic, Albanian: Languages and Literatures
PH - Finno-Ugrian. Basque Languages & Literature
PJ - Oriental, Semitic Languages and Literatures
PK - Indo-Iranian Languages and Literatures
PL - Langugaes and Literatures of Eastern Asia, Africa, and Oceania
PM - American Indian and Artificial Languages
PN - Literary History. Drama. Literary Collections (General)
PQ - Romance Literatures
PR - English Literatures
PS - American Literature
PT - German Literatures
PZ - Children's & Juvenile Literature
Q - Science
Q - Science (General). Information Theory
QA - Mathematics
QB - Astronomy
QC - Physics
QD - Chemistry
QE - Geology
QH - Natural History (General). Biology (General)
QK - Botany
QL - Zoology
QM - Human Anatomy
QP - Physiology
QR - Microbiology
R - Medicine
R - Medicine (General)
RA - Public Aspects of Medicine
RB - Pathology
RC - Internal Medicine. Practice of Medicine
RD - Surgery
RE - Ophthalmology
RF - Otorhinolaryngology
RG - Gynecology and Obstetrics
RJ - Pediatrics
RK - Dentistry
RL - Dermatology
RM - Therapeutics. Pharmacology
RS - Pharmacy and Materia Medica
RT - Nursing
RV - Botanic, Thomsonian and Eclectic Medicine
RX - Homeopathy
RZ - Other Systems of Medicine
S - Agriculture
S - Agriculture (General)
SB - Plant Culture
SD - Forestry
SF - Animal Culture
SH - Aquaculture, Fisheries, Fishing
SK - Hunting. Wildlife Management
T - Technology and Engineering
T - Technology (General)
TA - Engineering (General). Civil Engineering
TC - Hydraulic Engineering
TD - Environmental Technology. Sanitary Engineering
TE - Highway Engineering. Roads and Pavements
TF - Railroad Engineering and Operation
TG - Bridge Engineering
TH - Building Construction
TJ - Mechanical Engineering and Machinery
TK - Electronics and Electrical Engineering. Nuclear Engineering
TL - Motor Vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics
TN - Mining Engineering. Metallurgy
TP - Chemical Technology
TR - Photography (as fine art, applied, and technical aspects)
TS - Manufactures
TT - Handicrafts. Arts and Crafts
TX - Home Economics
U - Military Science
U - Military Science (General)
UA - Armies: Organization, description, facilities, etc.
UB - Military Administration
UC - Maintenance and Transportation
UD - Infantry
UE - Cavalry. Armored and Mechanized Cavalry
UF - Artillery
UG - Military Engineering. Air Forces. Air Warfare
UH - Other Services
V - Naval Science
V - Naval Science (General)
VA - Navies: Organization, description, facilities, etc.
VB - Naval Administration
VC - Naval Maintenance
VD - Naval Seaman
VE - Marines
VF - Naval Ordinance
VG - Minor Services of the Navy
VK - Navigation. Merchant Marine
VM - Naval Architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine Engineering
Z - Library Science. Bibliography
History of Books
Writing
Book Industries and Trade
Libraries and Library Science
Bibliography
B: Philosophy, Psychology, Religion
C: Auxiliary Sciences of History
D: History - General & Eastern Hemisphere
E-F: History - Western Hemisphere
G: Geography, Anthropology, Recreation
H: Social Sciences
J: Political Science
K: Law
L: Education
M: Music
N: Fine Arts
P: Language and Literature
Q: Sciences
R: Medicine
S: Agriculture
T: Technology
U: Military Science
V: Naval Science
Z: History of Books, Library Science, Bibliography
A - General Works
AC - Collections. Series. Collected Works
AE - Encyclopedias (General)
AG - Dictionaries and other general reference works
AI - Indexes (General)
AM - Museums (General)
AP - Periodicals (General)
AS - Academics and Learned Societies
AY - Yearbooks. Almanacs. Directories
AZ - History of Scholarship and Learning. The Humanities (General)
B - Philosophy, Psychology, Religion
B - History and Systems of Philosophy
BC - Logic
BD - Speculative Philosophy
BF - Psychology (including Parapsychology and the Occult)
BH - Aesthetics
BJ - Ethics. Social Usages. Etiquette.
BL - Religions. Mythology. Rationalism
BM - Judaism
BP - Islam. Bahaism. Theosophy, etc.
BQ - Buddhism
BR - Christianity (General)
BS - The Bible
BT - Doctrinal Theology
BV - Practical Theology
BX - Christian Denominations and Sects
C - Auxiliary Sciences of History
CB - History of Civilization and Culture
CC - Archaeology (General)
CD - Diplomatics. Archives. Seals
CE - Technical Chronology. Calendar
CJ - Numismatics
CN - Inscriptions. Epigraphy
CR - Heraldry
CS - Genealogy
CT - Biography (General)
D - History (except America)
D - History (General)
DA - Great Britain
DAW - Central Europe
DB - Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary
DC - France
DD - Germany
DE - Mediterranean, Greco-Roman World
DG - Italy
DH - Netherlands (Low Countries)
DJ - Netherlands (Holland), Belgium, Luxembourg
DJK - Eastern Europe
DK - Russia (& Soviet Union). Poland. Finland
DL - Northern Europe. Scandinavia
DP - Spain. Portugal
DR - Eastern Europe. Turkey
DS - Asia
DT - Africa
DU - Australia, New Zealand. Oceania (South Seas)
E-F - History: America and United States
E - America (General) and United States
F1-F975 - United States (local history)
F1001-F1140 - Canada
F1201-F1392 - Mexico
F1401-3799 - Central and South American, Caribbean
G - Geography, Anthropology
G - Geography (General). Atlases. Maps
GA - Mathematical Geography, Cartography
GB - Physical Geography
GC - Oceanography
GE - Environmental Sciences
GF - Human Ecology. Anthropogeography
GN - Anthropology, Ethnology, Ethnography
GR - Folklore
GT - Manners and Customs
GV - Recreation. Sports. Leisure
H - Social Sciences
H - Social Sciences (General)
HA - Statistics
HB - Economic Theory. Demography
HC - Economic History and Conditions: (By geographic region or country)
HD - Economic History and Conditions: (By Subject: Land, Agriculture, Industry, etc.
HE - Transportation and Communications
HF - Commerce. Accounting
HG - Finance
HJ - Public Finance
HM -Sociology (General and theoretical)
HN - Social History. Social Problems. Social Reform
HQ - Social Groups (The family; marriage; women (including feminism), etc.
HS - Societies: Secret, benevolent, etc. Clubs
HT - Communities. Classes. Races
HV - Social Pathology. Criminology. Social and Public Welfare
HX - Socialism. Anarchism. Communism
J - Political Science
J - Official Documents (general legislative and executive papers)
JA - Collections and General Works
JC - Political Theory. Theory of the State
JF - Constitutional History and Administration: General works. Comparative works.
JK - United States Government (federal and state)
JL - British America. Latin America
JN - Europe.
JQ - Asia. Africa. Australia. Oceania
JS - Local Government
JV - Colonies and Colonization. Emigration and Immigration
JX - International Law. International Relations
K - Law
K - Law (General)
KD - Law of the United Kingdom and Ireland
KE - Law of Canada
KF - Law of United States
KFT - KFT 1200-1799 Law of Texas
KG - Latin America (General). Mexico and Central America.
KH - South America
KJ-KK - Europe
L - Education
L - Education (General)
LA - History of Education
LB - Educational Theory and Practice. Special Aspects of Education
LC - Individual Institutions: Universities, Colleges, and Schools
LD - United States
LE - Americas, except the United States
LF - Europe
LG - Asia. Africa. Oceania
LH - College and School Publications
LJ - Student Fraternities and Societies
LT - Textbooks (General)
M - Music
M - Music Scores
ML - Literature of Music
MT - Music Instruction and Study
N - Fine Arts
N - Visual Arts (General)
NA - Architecture
NB - Sculpture
NC - Graphic Arts (Drawing, Design, Illustration)
ND - Painting
NE - Print Media
NK - Decorative and Applied Arts. Other arts
NX - Arts in general
P - Language and Literature
P - Philology and Linguistics
PA - Classical Philology (Greek and Latin)
PB - Modern European Languages (General), Celtic Languages and Literatures
PC - Romance Languages
PD - Old Germanic and Scandinavian Languages
PE - English Language
PF - Dutch, Flemish, and German Languages
PG - Slavic, Baltic, Albanian: Languages and Literatures
PH - Finno-Ugrian. Basque Languages & Literature
PJ - Oriental, Semitic Languages and Literatures
PK - Indo-Iranian Languages and Literatures
PL - Langugaes and Literatures of Eastern Asia, Africa, and Oceania
PM - American Indian and Artificial Languages
PN - Literary History. Drama. Literary Collections (General)
PQ - Romance Literatures
PR - English Literatures
PS - American Literature
PT - German Literatures
PZ - Children's & Juvenile Literature
Q - Science
Q - Science (General). Information Theory
QA - Mathematics
QB - Astronomy
QC - Physics
QD - Chemistry
QE - Geology
QH - Natural History (General). Biology (General)
QK - Botany
QL - Zoology
QM - Human Anatomy
QP - Physiology
QR - Microbiology
R - Medicine
R - Medicine (General)
RA - Public Aspects of Medicine
RB - Pathology
RC - Internal Medicine. Practice of Medicine
RD - Surgery
RE - Ophthalmology
RF - Otorhinolaryngology
RG - Gynecology and Obstetrics
RJ - Pediatrics
RK - Dentistry
RL - Dermatology
RM - Therapeutics. Pharmacology
RS - Pharmacy and Materia Medica
RT - Nursing
RV - Botanic, Thomsonian and Eclectic Medicine
RX - Homeopathy
RZ - Other Systems of Medicine
S - Agriculture
S - Agriculture (General)
SB - Plant Culture
SD - Forestry
SF - Animal Culture
SH - Aquaculture, Fisheries, Fishing
SK - Hunting. Wildlife Management
T - Technology and Engineering
T - Technology (General)
TA - Engineering (General). Civil Engineering
TC - Hydraulic Engineering
TD - Environmental Technology. Sanitary Engineering
TE - Highway Engineering. Roads and Pavements
TF - Railroad Engineering and Operation
TG - Bridge Engineering
TH - Building Construction
TJ - Mechanical Engineering and Machinery
TK - Electronics and Electrical Engineering. Nuclear Engineering
TL - Motor Vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics
TN - Mining Engineering. Metallurgy
TP - Chemical Technology
TR - Photography (as fine art, applied, and technical aspects)
TS - Manufactures
TT - Handicrafts. Arts and Crafts
TX - Home Economics
U - Military Science
U - Military Science (General)
UA - Armies: Organization, description, facilities, etc.
UB - Military Administration
UC - Maintenance and Transportation
UD - Infantry
UE - Cavalry. Armored and Mechanized Cavalry
UF - Artillery
UG - Military Engineering. Air Forces. Air Warfare
UH - Other Services
V - Naval Science
V - Naval Science (General)
VA - Navies: Organization, description, facilities, etc.
VB - Naval Administration
VC - Naval Maintenance
VD - Naval Seaman
VE - Marines
VF - Naval Ordinance
VG - Minor Services of the Navy
VK - Navigation. Merchant Marine
VM - Naval Architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine Engineering
Z - Library Science. Bibliography
History of Books
Writing
Book Industries and Trade
Libraries and Library Science
Bibliography
Chinese Library Classification
Chinese Library Classification atau dikenal pula
dengan Classification for Chinese Libraries (CCL), adalah klasifikasi untuk
perpustakaan yang ada di China. Klasifikasi ini banyak digunakan di perpustakaan
sekoilah, universitas dan institusi pendidikan di China, dan terutama sekali
digunakan pada perpustakaan umum di Cina. Sistem klasifikasi ini juga digunakan
oleh penerbit di Cina untuk mengklasifikasi buku-buku yang diterbitkan di
China.
The Book Classification of Chinese Libraries (BCCL) pertama sekali diterbutkan di tahun 1975 dibawah China Administrative Bureau of Cultural Affairs. Edisi ke empatnya yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1999 dinamai CLC. Bagan Klasifikasi CLC secara umum mirip dengan Library of Congress Classification, dimana pengetahuan dibagi menjadi duapuluh dua kelas, dan kemudian dibagi lagi ke subdivisi yang lebih khusus.
Di bawah ini disajikan bagai klasifikasi CLC sebagai berikut :
The Book Classification of Chinese Libraries (BCCL) pertama sekali diterbutkan di tahun 1975 dibawah China Administrative Bureau of Cultural Affairs. Edisi ke empatnya yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1999 dinamai CLC. Bagan Klasifikasi CLC secara umum mirip dengan Library of Congress Classification, dimana pengetahuan dibagi menjadi duapuluh dua kelas, dan kemudian dibagi lagi ke subdivisi yang lebih khusus.
Di bawah ini disajikan bagai klasifikasi CLC sebagai berikut :
A. Marxism,
Leninism, Maoism & Deng Xiaoping Theory
A1 The Works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
A2 The Works of Vladimir Lenin
A3 The Works of Joseph Stalin
A4 The Works of Mao Zedong
A49 The works of Deng Xiaoping
A5 The Symposium/Collection of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, Mao and Deng Xiaoping
A7 The biobibliography and biography of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, Mao and Deng Xiaoping
A8 Study and Research of Marxism, Leninism, Maoism & Deng Xiaoping Theory
B. Philosophy and Religion
B0 Philosophical schools
B1 Philosophy (World-wide)
B2 Philosophy in China
B22 Pre-Qin Dynasty Philosophy (~before 220 BC)
B222 The Confucian School
B222.2 Confucius (Kǒng Qiū, 551-479 BC)
B3 Philosophy in Asia
B4 Philosophy in Africa
B5 Philosophy in Europe
B6 Philosophy in Australasia
B7 Philosophy in America
B8 Cognitive science
B9 Religion
B91 Sociology of Religion, Religion and Science
B92 Philosophy and History of Religion
B93 Mythology and Primitive religion
B94 Buddhism
B95 Taoism
B96 Islam
B97 Christianity
B971 Bible
B971.1 Old Testament
B971.2 New Testament
B972 Doctrine, Theology
B975 Evangelism, Sermon
B976 Christian Denomination
B976.1 Roman Catholic Church
B976.2 Orthodox Christianity (Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy)
B976.3 Protestantism (Protestant Reformation)
B977 Ecclesiastical polity
B978 Research on Christianity
B979 History of Christianity
B979.9 Biography
B98 Other Religions
B99 Augury, Superstition
C. Social Sciences
C0 Social Scientific Theory and Methodology
C1 Present and Future of Social Sciences
C2 Organisations, Groups, Conferences
C3 Method of Research in Social Sciences
C4 Education and Popularization of Social Sciences
C5 Serials, Anthologies, Periodicals in Social Sciences
C6 Reference Materials in Social Sciences
C7 (no longer used)
C8 Statistics in Social Sciences
C9 Sociology
D. Politics and Law
D0 Political theory
D1 International Campaign of Communism
D2 Communist Party of China
D3 Communist Parties of other Countries
D4 Labor, Peasant, Youth, Female Organizations and Movements
D5 Politics (world-wide)
D6 Politics in China
D7 Politics in individual Countries
D8 Diplomacy, International relations
D9 Law
E. Military Science
E0 Military Theory
E1 Military (world-wide)
E2 Military in China
E3 Military in Asia
E4 Military in Africa
E5 Military in Europe
E6 Military in Australasia
E7 Military in America
E8 Strategies, Tactics, and Battles
E9 Military Technology
F. Economics
F0 Economics
F1 Economics, Economic history and Economic geography of individual countries
F2 Agricultural Economics
F3 Industrial Economics
F4 Economics of Transport
F5 Economics of Postal and Cable Services
F7 Economics of Commerce
F8 Finance, Banking
G. Culture, Science, Education and Sports
G0 Philosophy of Culture
G1 Culture
G2 Knowledge transmission
G3 Science, Scientific Research
G4 Education
G5 Education in individul Countries
G6 Education (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary)
G7 Education (specialized)
G8 Sports
H. Languages and Linguistics
H0 Linguistics
H1 Chinese language
H2 Languages of China's ethnic minorities
H3 Commonly Used Foreign Languages
H31 English language
H32 French language
H33 German language
H34 Spanish language
H35 Russian language
H36 Japanese language
H37 Arabic language
H4 Family of Sino-Tibetan languages (China, Tibet and Myanmar)
H5 Family of Altaic languages (Turkic, Mongolian and Tungusic)
H6 Language families in other areas of the World
H61 Austro-Asiatic languages and Tai languages (Mainland Southeast Asia))
H62 Dravidian languages (South India)
H63 Austronesian languages (Malayo-Polynesian)
H64 Paleosiberian languages (Siberia)
H65 Ibero-Caucasian languages (Caucasus Mountains)
H66 Uralic languages (Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic)
H67 Hamito-Semitic languages (Southwest Asia, Arabian Peninsula, North Africa)
H7 Indo-European languages
H8 Language families on other Continents
H81 African languages
H83 American languages
H84 Indo-Pacific languages
H9 International Auxiliary Languages (Interlingua, Ido, Esperanto, etc.)
I. Literature
I0 Literary Theory
I1 Literature (world-wide)
I2 Literature in China
I3 Literature in Asia
I4 Literature in Africa
I5 Literature in Europe
I6 Literature in Australasia
I7 Literature in America
J. Art
J0 Theory of Fine Art
J1 Fine Art of the World
J2 Painting
J3 Sculpture
J4 Photography
J5 Applied arts
J6 Music
J7 Dance
J8 Drama
J9 Cinematography, Television
K. History and Geography
K0 Historical Theory
K1 History of the World
K2 History of China
K3 History of Asia
K4 History of Africa
K5 History of Europe
K6 History of Australasia
K7 History of America
K8 Biography, Archaeology
K9 Geography
N. Natural Science
N0 Theory and Methodology
N1 Present state
N2 Organisations, Groups, Conferences
N3 Research Methodology
N4 Education and Popularization
N5 Serials, Anthologies, Periodicals
N6 Reference Materials
N8 Field Surveys
N9 Minor Sciences
O. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry
O1 Mathematics
O2 Applied Mathematics
O3 Mechanics
O4 Physics
O6 Chemistry
O7 Crystallography
P. Astronomy and Geoscience
P1 Astronomy
P2 Geodesy
P3 Geophysics
P4 Meteorology
P5 Geology
P6 Mineralogy
P7 Oceanography
P9 Physiography
Q. Life Sciences
Q1 General Biology
Q2 Cytology
Q3 Genetics
Q4 Physiology
Q5 Biochemistry
Q6 Biophysics
Q7 Molecular Biology
Q8 Bioengineering
Q9 Zoology and Botany
R. Medicine and Health Sciences
R1 Preventive Medicine, Public health
R2 Traditional Chinese Medicine
R3 Human anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Microbiology, Parasitology
R4 Clinical Medicine
R5 Internal medicine
R6 Surgery
R7 Medical Specialties
R71 Obstetrics, Gynecology
R72 Pediatrics
R73 Oncology
R74 Neurology, Psychiatry
R75 Dermatology, Venereology
R76 Otolaryngology
R77 Ophthalmology
R78 Dentistry
R79 Non-Chinese Traditional Medicine
R8 Radiology, Sport medicine, Diving medicine, Aerospace medicine
R9 Pharmacology, Pharmacy
S. Agricultural Science
S1 Fundamental Agricultural Science
S2 Agricultural Engineering
S3 Agronomy
S4 Phytopathology
S5 Individual Crops
S6 Horticulture
S7 Forestry
S8 Animal Husbandry, Veterinary medicine, Hunting, Sericulture, Apiculture
S9 Aquaculture, Fishery
T. Industrial Technology
TB General Industrial Technology
TD Mining Engineering
TE Petroleum, Natural Gas
TF Extractive metallurgy, Smelting
TG Metallurgy, Metalworking
TH Machinery, Instrumentation
TJ Military Technology
TK Power Plant
TL Nuclear technology
TM Electrical Engineering
TN Electronic Engineering, Teleommunication Engineering
TP Automation , Computer Engineering
TQ Chemical Engineering
TS Light Industry, Handicraft
TU Construction Engineering
TV Water Resources, Hydraulic Engineering
U. Transportation
U1 General Transport
U2 Railway Transport
U4 Highway Transport
U6 Marine Transport
V. Aviation and Aerospace
V1 Research and Exploration of Aviation and Aerospace Technology
V2 Aviation
V4 Aerospace (Space Flight)
X. Environmental Science
X1 Fundamental Environmental Science
X2 Environmental Research
X3 Environmental Protection and Management
X4 Disaster Protection
X5 Pollution Control
X7 Waste Management and Recycling
X8 Environmental Quality Monitoring
X9 Occupational safety and health
Z. General, Miscellaneous, Auxiliary and Others
Z1 Series
Z2 Encyclopedia
Z3 Dictionary
Z4 Symposium, Anthologies, Selected Works, Essay
Z5 Almanac
Z6 Serial, Periodicals
Z8 Catalogue, Abstract, Index
A1 The Works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
A2 The Works of Vladimir Lenin
A3 The Works of Joseph Stalin
A4 The Works of Mao Zedong
A49 The works of Deng Xiaoping
A5 The Symposium/Collection of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, Mao and Deng Xiaoping
A7 The biobibliography and biography of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, Mao and Deng Xiaoping
A8 Study and Research of Marxism, Leninism, Maoism & Deng Xiaoping Theory
B. Philosophy and Religion
B0 Philosophical schools
B1 Philosophy (World-wide)
B2 Philosophy in China
B22 Pre-Qin Dynasty Philosophy (~before 220 BC)
B222 The Confucian School
B222.2 Confucius (Kǒng Qiū, 551-479 BC)
B3 Philosophy in Asia
B4 Philosophy in Africa
B5 Philosophy in Europe
B6 Philosophy in Australasia
B7 Philosophy in America
B8 Cognitive science
B9 Religion
B91 Sociology of Religion, Religion and Science
B92 Philosophy and History of Religion
B93 Mythology and Primitive religion
B94 Buddhism
B95 Taoism
B96 Islam
B97 Christianity
B971 Bible
B971.1 Old Testament
B971.2 New Testament
B972 Doctrine, Theology
B975 Evangelism, Sermon
B976 Christian Denomination
B976.1 Roman Catholic Church
B976.2 Orthodox Christianity (Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy)
B976.3 Protestantism (Protestant Reformation)
B977 Ecclesiastical polity
B978 Research on Christianity
B979 History of Christianity
B979.9 Biography
B98 Other Religions
B99 Augury, Superstition
C. Social Sciences
C0 Social Scientific Theory and Methodology
C1 Present and Future of Social Sciences
C2 Organisations, Groups, Conferences
C3 Method of Research in Social Sciences
C4 Education and Popularization of Social Sciences
C5 Serials, Anthologies, Periodicals in Social Sciences
C6 Reference Materials in Social Sciences
C7 (no longer used)
C8 Statistics in Social Sciences
C9 Sociology
D. Politics and Law
D0 Political theory
D1 International Campaign of Communism
D2 Communist Party of China
D3 Communist Parties of other Countries
D4 Labor, Peasant, Youth, Female Organizations and Movements
D5 Politics (world-wide)
D6 Politics in China
D7 Politics in individual Countries
D8 Diplomacy, International relations
D9 Law
E. Military Science
E0 Military Theory
E1 Military (world-wide)
E2 Military in China
E3 Military in Asia
E4 Military in Africa
E5 Military in Europe
E6 Military in Australasia
E7 Military in America
E8 Strategies, Tactics, and Battles
E9 Military Technology
F. Economics
F0 Economics
F1 Economics, Economic history and Economic geography of individual countries
F2 Agricultural Economics
F3 Industrial Economics
F4 Economics of Transport
F5 Economics of Postal and Cable Services
F7 Economics of Commerce
F8 Finance, Banking
G. Culture, Science, Education and Sports
G0 Philosophy of Culture
G1 Culture
G2 Knowledge transmission
G3 Science, Scientific Research
G4 Education
G5 Education in individul Countries
G6 Education (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary)
G7 Education (specialized)
G8 Sports
H. Languages and Linguistics
H0 Linguistics
H1 Chinese language
H2 Languages of China's ethnic minorities
H3 Commonly Used Foreign Languages
H31 English language
H32 French language
H33 German language
H34 Spanish language
H35 Russian language
H36 Japanese language
H37 Arabic language
H4 Family of Sino-Tibetan languages (China, Tibet and Myanmar)
H5 Family of Altaic languages (Turkic, Mongolian and Tungusic)
H6 Language families in other areas of the World
H61 Austro-Asiatic languages and Tai languages (Mainland Southeast Asia))
H62 Dravidian languages (South India)
H63 Austronesian languages (Malayo-Polynesian)
H64 Paleosiberian languages (Siberia)
H65 Ibero-Caucasian languages (Caucasus Mountains)
H66 Uralic languages (Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic)
H67 Hamito-Semitic languages (Southwest Asia, Arabian Peninsula, North Africa)
H7 Indo-European languages
H8 Language families on other Continents
H81 African languages
H83 American languages
H84 Indo-Pacific languages
H9 International Auxiliary Languages (Interlingua, Ido, Esperanto, etc.)
I. Literature
I0 Literary Theory
I1 Literature (world-wide)
I2 Literature in China
I3 Literature in Asia
I4 Literature in Africa
I5 Literature in Europe
I6 Literature in Australasia
I7 Literature in America
J. Art
J0 Theory of Fine Art
J1 Fine Art of the World
J2 Painting
J3 Sculpture
J4 Photography
J5 Applied arts
J6 Music
J7 Dance
J8 Drama
J9 Cinematography, Television
K. History and Geography
K0 Historical Theory
K1 History of the World
K2 History of China
K3 History of Asia
K4 History of Africa
K5 History of Europe
K6 History of Australasia
K7 History of America
K8 Biography, Archaeology
K9 Geography
N. Natural Science
N0 Theory and Methodology
N1 Present state
N2 Organisations, Groups, Conferences
N3 Research Methodology
N4 Education and Popularization
N5 Serials, Anthologies, Periodicals
N6 Reference Materials
N8 Field Surveys
N9 Minor Sciences
O. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry
O1 Mathematics
O2 Applied Mathematics
O3 Mechanics
O4 Physics
O6 Chemistry
O7 Crystallography
P. Astronomy and Geoscience
P1 Astronomy
P2 Geodesy
P3 Geophysics
P4 Meteorology
P5 Geology
P6 Mineralogy
P7 Oceanography
P9 Physiography
Q. Life Sciences
Q1 General Biology
Q2 Cytology
Q3 Genetics
Q4 Physiology
Q5 Biochemistry
Q6 Biophysics
Q7 Molecular Biology
Q8 Bioengineering
Q9 Zoology and Botany
R. Medicine and Health Sciences
R1 Preventive Medicine, Public health
R2 Traditional Chinese Medicine
R3 Human anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Microbiology, Parasitology
R4 Clinical Medicine
R5 Internal medicine
R6 Surgery
R7 Medical Specialties
R71 Obstetrics, Gynecology
R72 Pediatrics
R73 Oncology
R74 Neurology, Psychiatry
R75 Dermatology, Venereology
R76 Otolaryngology
R77 Ophthalmology
R78 Dentistry
R79 Non-Chinese Traditional Medicine
R8 Radiology, Sport medicine, Diving medicine, Aerospace medicine
R9 Pharmacology, Pharmacy
S. Agricultural Science
S1 Fundamental Agricultural Science
S2 Agricultural Engineering
S3 Agronomy
S4 Phytopathology
S5 Individual Crops
S6 Horticulture
S7 Forestry
S8 Animal Husbandry, Veterinary medicine, Hunting, Sericulture, Apiculture
S9 Aquaculture, Fishery
T. Industrial Technology
TB General Industrial Technology
TD Mining Engineering
TE Petroleum, Natural Gas
TF Extractive metallurgy, Smelting
TG Metallurgy, Metalworking
TH Machinery, Instrumentation
TJ Military Technology
TK Power Plant
TL Nuclear technology
TM Electrical Engineering
TN Electronic Engineering, Teleommunication Engineering
TP Automation , Computer Engineering
TQ Chemical Engineering
TS Light Industry, Handicraft
TU Construction Engineering
TV Water Resources, Hydraulic Engineering
U. Transportation
U1 General Transport
U2 Railway Transport
U4 Highway Transport
U6 Marine Transport
V. Aviation and Aerospace
V1 Research and Exploration of Aviation and Aerospace Technology
V2 Aviation
V4 Aerospace (Space Flight)
X. Environmental Science
X1 Fundamental Environmental Science
X2 Environmental Research
X3 Environmental Protection and Management
X4 Disaster Protection
X5 Pollution Control
X7 Waste Management and Recycling
X8 Environmental Quality Monitoring
X9 Occupational safety and health
Z. General, Miscellaneous, Auxiliary and Others
Z1 Series
Z2 Encyclopedia
Z3 Dictionary
Z4 Symposium, Anthologies, Selected Works, Essay
Z5 Almanac
Z6 Serial, Periodicals
Z8 Catalogue, Abstract, Index
Penutup
Dari beberapa bagan klasifikasi yang dikemukakan di muka, maka dapat dilihat bahwa semua bagan klasifikasi berkembang sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Disamping itu, perlu dicatat bahwa semua bagan klasifikasi terpengaruh oleh pemikiran Dewey, Charles Ammi Cutter dan Rangganathan. Keempat orang inilah yang meletakkan dasar-dasar pengklasifikasian dokumen yang hingga kini terus berkembang.
Dari beberapa bagan klasifikasi yang dikemukakan di muka, maka dapat dilihat bahwa semua bagan klasifikasi berkembang sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Disamping itu, perlu dicatat bahwa semua bagan klasifikasi terpengaruh oleh pemikiran Dewey, Charles Ammi Cutter dan Rangganathan. Keempat orang inilah yang meletakkan dasar-dasar pengklasifikasian dokumen yang hingga kini terus berkembang.
Daftar Pustaka
Chan, Lois Mai. 1994.Cataloging and Classification : An Introduction. 2nd ed. New York : McGraw-Hill,
Wynar, Bohdan S. 1972. Introduction to Cataloguing and Classification, 4tf. ev.edition. Litleton Library Unlimited.
Universal Decimal Classification. 1961.; abridge English Edition; 3rd.edtion, revised, 1961. London, British Standard Institute
Chinese Libray Classification dalam http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Chinese_library_classification, diakses tanggal 12 Mei 2008
Universal Decimal Clasification dalam http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Universal_Library_Classification, diakses tanggal 12 Mei 2008
Colon Classification dalam http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Colon_Classification, diakses tanggal 12 Mei 2008
Rubin, Richard E, 2004, Foundation of Library and Information Science, New York : Neil-Schuman
Yusuf, Pawit M, 2002, Pengantar Klasifikasi dengan pendekatan Teoritis dan Praktis, Bandung : Universitas Padjajaran
